 
        The   December 23 is the 357th Day of     Gregorian calendar (the 358 th in leap years    ). Missing at the end of eight days'     years. It is the birthday of Clare.  
    
       179 BC - The       censor Marcus Aemilius Lepidus   dissolve the vow made during the war against the Ligurian       and dedicates the temple of Juno Regina     in Campo Marzio Rome   to    .  
       619 - Election of Pope Boniface V    .  
       800 - Pope Leo III     take an oath of purification.  
       882 - Election of Pope   Marino   .  
       1256 - Pope Alexander IV     with a bull granting the abbey   Bagnara   Florensis the monks of St. Our Lady of Glory of Anagni.  
       1294 - The conclave to elect Pope Boniface VIII     meets in Naples    .  
       1295 - consecrated the church of Santa Maria del Pantano to   Galeata  ,   FC  .  
     1339   - Simon Boccanegra       was elected Doge of Genoa  .  
       1534 - The Parmigianino     is hired by   Elena Baiardi   to fresco the chapel in the church of Santa Maria dei Servi.  
       1569 - Ivan IV of Russia     strangled   Philip II (Metropolitan of Moscow)  , primate of the Russian Orthodox Church    .  
       1620 - Construction begins   of Plymouth Colony  .  
       1688 - James II of England     is allowed to escape from the Prince of Orange.  
       1672 - The discovery   Rea   (or Rhea, in greek 'Ρέα), the second largest moon     of     Saturn, by Giovanni Domenico Cassini    .  
       1796 - The territories occupied by French troops     Bologna,     Ferrara,     Modena and Reggio Emilia     proclaim the establishment of the Republic   Cispadana  .  
       1823 -    A Visit of St. Nicholas   , attributed to Clement Clarke Moore     is published for the first time.  
       1909 - Albert I of Belgium     becomes king.  
       1910 - Emiliano Figueroa Larraín     ends its mandate from the President of Chile     and passes the job to Ramon Barros Luco    .  
       1913 - The Federal Reserve instituted    .  
       1915 - Ramón Barros Luco     ends its mandate from the President of Chile     and passes the job to Juan Luis   Sanfuentes Andonaegui  .  
       1916 -     World War I: Battle in   of Magdhaba  , Allied forces capture a Turkish garrison on the Sinai Peninsula    .  
       1920 - Juan Luis   Sanfuentes Andonaegui   ends its mandate from the President of Chile     and passes the job to Arturo Alessandri Palma    .  
       1922 - Pope Pius XI     wrote his first encyclical Ubi  arcane Of Consilio .  
       1924 - The first issue of The   Baretti   fortnightly literature.  
       1925 -   Luis Barros Borgo   ends its mandate from the President of Chile     and passes the task to   Emiliano Figueroa Larraín  .  
       1932 - Arturo Alessandri Palma     begins his second term as President of Chile    .  
       1933 - Adolf Hitler     a speech to the Hitler Youth     .  
       1936 - L '  Italy   sends volunteers     Spain during the civil war     to fight the Nationalists.  
     1938    
   Start the battle for     Barcelona with an attack on the Nationalists.  
   Arturo Alessandri Palma     ends his post by President of Chile    .  
       1945 - Pope Pius XII     writes the encyclical Orientales Omnes  Ecclesias .  
       1947 - First demonstration of the transistor     to     Bell Laboratories.  
       1954 - Isaac Babel     is publicly exonerated from the accusations against Stalin    .  
       1956 -   Ichiro Hatoyama   concludes his post by Prime Minister of Japan     He was replaced   Tanzan Ishibashi  .  
       1961 -   Fiumarella   railway disaster: a railroad car crash by a railway viaduct on   Cosenza-Catanzaro   killing 71 passengers.  
       1966 - The film   The Good, the Bad and the Ugly   is projected for the first time in public.  
     1968    
   launched the Apollo 8 mission     carrying the first men to orbit the Moon     .  
       1969 - An armed gang bursts into the apartment of Deng Xiaoping     to make an attempt on his life but finds some armed guards.  
       1973 - Exit in Italy     short novel Rendezvous with Rama       of Arthur C. Clarke  .  
       1973 - Discovery of the 16 survivors of the Andes plane crash    .  
       1976 - Born   Telecolor   International to Catania    .  
     1978   - plane crash   Punta Raisi  . A DC 9     crashed into the sea and 108 people die.  
     1979    
   military units of '  Soviet Union occupy       Kabul, the capital of'     Afghanistan.  
   The data of the light curve to detect the presence of a Metis     moon around the asteroid   9 Metis  . Further experiments are unable to confirm this hypothesis.  
       LV Zhuravleva discovers asteroids   Annenskij   3724 and 3971   Voronikhin  .  
     1982    
     The Environmental Protection Agency recommends the evacuation of     Times Beach (Missouri)   because of dangerous levels of dioxin contamination    .  
     The investigating judge     Emilio Ledonne     issue a warrant of arrest against     Stefano Delle Chiaie  .  
     LG Karachkina   discovers asteroids   3345 and Tarkovsky     3675 Kemstach  .  
     1984    
     Italy  ,   San Benedetto Val di Sambro  : the rapid 904     Napoli - Milan    , a train full of passengers, largely on the road for the Christmas holidays, is devastated by the explosion of a bomb. At the end of the rescue will be counted 15 dead and over 100 wounded.   The attack marks the entrance of       mafia in the theater of massacres of state.  
   L '  Oak Ridge Observatory discovers asteroid     3773 Smithsonian  .  
     François Dossin   discovered the asteroid 4440   Tchantchès  .  
     LG Karachkina   discovered the asteroid 4626     Plisetskaya.  
       1987 - The   CNR   recorded his first   domain     internet     Italian  : cnr.it  
       1990 - The   Slovenia    vote to secede from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia   .  
     1991    
       Jan Olszewski began his mandate by Poland's Prime Minister    .  
    Milan Kucan becomes        President of Slovenia.  
       1995 - Lech Wałęsa     ends his post by President of Poland     and gives way to   Aleksander Kwaśniewski  .  
       1997 -   Jorn Barger  , an American trader hunting enthusiast, decided to open their own personal page to share the results of his research on the internet about his hobby, he published the first     blog.  
       2001 -   Federico Ramón Puerta   finishes his mandate from     president of Argentina, was elected in his place  Adolfo Rodriguez Saa   .  
     2002    
     A MiG-25 PD     destroys an unmanned reconnaissance plane     RQ-1A Predator   's   USAF  .  
     2004    
     Democracy Christian self-government for   is constituted as an autonomous political formation.  
   The     NASA announced that the asteroid Apophis     is the first object to achieve the level 2 on the Torino Scale    .  
     2005    
   The   Sudan   receives the declaration of a state of war by the neighboring Chad    .  
     Lech Kaczyński     becomes president of Poland  .  
     2008   A     earthquake hit areas of Parma and Piacenza, no injuries but damage to many historic buildings and antichi.Il earthquake was followed by many aftershocks felt throughout northern Italy.  
    
    thanks to Wikipedia and I  Netherlands -   Koninkrijk der Nederlanden -   for the many views of my blog.