Edouard Daladier
Born in Carpentras 1884, is deputy radicalsocialista since 1919. Several times a minister since 1924, between 1933 and '34 is chairman of the board on two subsequent occasions: strong supporter of the Popular Front government of Léon Blum (1936-37), after the collapse of the leftist coalition is called to form the his third cabinet (April 10 1938). The precarious and unstable domestic political situation I am forced to bend the head of the arrogance and Hitler, even if reluctantly, to sign agreements Monaco: October 4 "break" with the Popular Front who has harshly criticized "surrender" to Hitler. In fact, his policy is uncertain, which will be redeemed in 1939, when it will honor its commitments to Poland.
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Henri Philippe Petain
Henri Philippe Petain, French marshal and politician, was the leader of the pro-German Vichy government, set up in 1940, after the defeat of France before the German advance in World War II. General during the First World War, came to the fore for the effective defense of Verdun against the German troops in 1916. The following year he obtained the command of the army and managed to stem the tide of serious mutinies that occurred in previous months, in 1918 he was appointed marshal of France after the war he served service in French Morocco. In 1934 he became Minister of War, and later was ambassador to Spain (1939-1940), but after the German invasion of France (1940) was recalled and appointed deputy prime minister. In June of that year replaced as Prime Minister Paul Reynaud and 22 month signed an armistice with Germany. Obtained full powers by the National Assembly, meeting in Vichy, he became head of the new collaborationist government of France not yet occupied. Together with Prime Minister Pierre Laval, imposed a fascist regime, which is closely dependent on Hitler's Germany. When the Allies landed in France in 1944, Petain fled to Germany and then, after the fall of the Third Reich, in Switzerland. After the war he returned voluntarily to France, where he formed and was tried for high treason. In August 1945 he was sentenced to death after the sentence was commuted.
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Charles de Gaulle
Born in Lille on November 22, 1890, 18 years chose a military career and in August 1914, at the outbreak of World War I, is lieutenant. Taken prisoner by the Germans in 1916, will be released with the armistice in September the following year. Become a captain in '22 and get admission to school of war. In '31 is posted at the General Secretariat of the defense, and that's where she gets involved in the affairs of state. On 3 September of '39, when France declared war on Germany, he reached the rank of colonel. France, arrives in fatal rendezvous social and political disaster. In '36 the Popular Front of the left wins the election, but the Socialist government of Leon Blum fails to revive the fortunes of the country, coming unprepared for war. On 1 June '40 de Gaulle was appointed brigadier general and undersecretary of defense. But the situation worsened. In mid-June, returning from a meeting with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, in Bordeaux learned of the resignation of Prime Minister Paul Reynard, replaced by Marshal Philippe Petain, who immediately hastened to seek an armistice with Germany. For France began a period that still weighs on the conscience of many: the "collaboration" with the occupants, who will bring a part of French society, first of all, the government moved to Vichy, to share hatred and the madness of the Nazis. De Gaulle repairs in London where, on June 18, launches from the microphones of the BBC a famous appeal to the French because they resist the Germans. A few days after the armistice complaint and this is a death sentence in absentia. From Africa to organize the forces of Free France and 3 June of '44 was appointed interim president of the republic by the Defence Council, who was born in Congo in the '40s. A government that at the end of October, is recognized by the major powers, U.S., USSR and Great Britain. Won the war, the Nazis expelled from France, de Gaulle in early '46 puts his term as provisional president, with the hope that the country will still appeal to him. But the elections to be place in autumn they see defeat. Hence, the IV th Republic, almost a photocopy of the previous one. However, de Gaulle is now launched into politics and, in April '47, gives his movement, the "Rassemblement du peuple français", which immediately gives a great result in local elections. But in the policies of '51, the positive effect deflates. For the General began a period of voluntary exile in his political retirement of Colombey-les-Deux-Eglise, while the country measure of the difficulties created by the political system of government introduced by the IV th Republic and the beginning of the end of what had been the colonial empire. But after the defeat at Dien Bien Phu in May 1954, De Gaulle is recalled from exile, and on June 1, '58, is elected by the National President of the Council. On 21 December he was elected president of the republic. At midnight and ten in the April 28, resigned as chairman in April '69 after de Gaulle promote a referendum to give more power to the regions and the Senate, but was beaten. He died November 9, 1970, in self-exile.
De Gaulle and Kennedy
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Paul Reynaud
Paul Reynaud, who was born in Barcelonnette, Basses-Alpes in 1878, was French politician, Prime Minister when German troops invaded the country in 1940. During the thirties he was several times Minister of Finance, and Keeper of the Colonies. On Armistice opponent claimed the all-out war against the German aggressors. He formed his Cabinet in March 1940, just months after the outbreak of World War II. In May of that year, France was invaded German troops and Reynaud found himself having to face even the growing pressure from other members of the government, which insisted that the country put forward a request for an armistice. Rather than surrender, Reynaud decided to resign, shortly after he was arrested by the new government of Vichy. After the war he returned to active politics, and in 1958 he chaired the committee that ratified the constitution of the Fifth Republic. He died in Neuilly-sur-Seine in 1966.
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Pierre Laval
Pierre Laval (Càteldon, Puy-de- Dome 1883 - Fresnes, 1945), French politician, headed the collaborationist Vichy government during the German occupation during the Second World War. Between 1931 and 1935 was several times minister. As Foreign Minister in 1935 concluded a pact of mutual military assistance with the Soviet Union and, with England, the so-called Hoare-Laval agreement, with which the two countries recognized, in practice, legitimacy to the expansionist ambitions of Fascist Italy in Etiopia.L 'public outcry for it will invalidate this agreement and led to the overthrow of Laval (January 1936). France defeat by the Germans in June 1940 Laval, who wanted peace at any cost, became deputy chairman of the interim government collaborator, based in Vichy, and the right wing of Prime Minister, Marshal Henri-Philippe Petain, who concluded an armistice with Germany. Two years later, Laval, became head of the government was fully cooperating with the Axis powers. He abolished the last remnants of the parliamentary system and sets the government Vichy based on the principles of the totalitarian Nazi Germany. After the liberation of France was tried and convicted of treason and collaboration with the enemy, October 15, 1945 was executed.
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